Clear explanations of how audio actually works — AI vocal separation, sample rates, the pitch/tempo/duration relationship, file formats, beatmatching, and the concepts behind the tools you use every day.
Compressor vs limiter explained: a compressor shapes dynamics at gentle ratios so you hear the movement, while a limiter is one pushed to hard-cap peaks.
The mastering chain is the fixed, ordered set of processors your finished mix passes through — learn the canonical signal order and why it can't change.
Normalize, master, or boost volume? What each one actually does to loudness, when to use which, and how to pick the right tool for your track.
A limiter in audio is a tool that stops any peak crossing a set ceiling, so you can raise loudness without clipping. Learn how it works and when to use one.
What LUFS should you master to? About -14 for most streaming, but there is no universal number. A destination-by-destination guide with real targets.
Streaming loudness normalization measures each track in LUFS and adjusts playback volume so every song lands at one reference level. Here is how it works.